How do we adapt pedagogical approaches?

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We adapt to pedagogical approaches by finding ways to use our prior knowledge to comprehend, apply or validate the viewpoint(s) of the presenter. If the pedagogical approach is in conflict with our beliefs or experiences, we use our prior knowledge to discredit a theory.
By teaching instructional strategies in conjunction with the bright and shiny object of new technology. Merge the traditional with that of the future. Innovate, evolve, grow as all living things must in order to stay relevant and gain legitimacy.
We have to broaden our horizons, evaluate, and adapt methods that students are using.  For instance, nearly every student in middle school through high school have that cell phone attached to their fingertips.  Perhaps you might have them respond to some discussion with those phones.  Teachers with years of experience have found that to be effective, they must constantly be evolving as the world around them changes.  Drill and rote memory are far in the past - students have to apply and evaluate what they are learning, and why they are learning it. Therefore, each teacher must ask themselves to do the same. 
Trial and error.  If what I plan is not working, I will often change in mid-stream.  Often what works well for one group of students does not work for another and that is part of the challenge and excitement of teaching.  It's about meeting the students where they are and taking where they never thought they could go.
I think this could be answered in a couple ways but I'll take a stab at one way.  I think we adapt approaches by paying close attention to how a child is learning and growing and then tweaking our instruction to help him progress.
Based on what is getting results and engaging students.  I believe that students should be asked for their feedback regarding what approaches are engaging them.  A short survey periodically would provide good data and allow students to feel more a part of their own education.
We share with one another and use what will work for our individual classrooms and/or subject areas.
Careful attention to detail and then differentiated instruction.
I'm an ardent believer in Paulo Freire Popular education model.  If one's education is not directly tied to the rest of one's life, then that education is seen as a psychological luxury, one that the student may not have time to indulge in.  But if learning is linked to survival, to thriving, to the joy of life, then human beings are well equipped on a fundamental level to be excellent students.  The role of the teacher in these moments is to also engage in play, practice sessions and information granting (Keep in mind Freire is writing before the age of Wolfram Alpha, but also for populations that currently may not have access to the technologies we take for granted in the Northern Western part of the world).  By allowing the student to experiment, learn, then present their information, then the student moves from being a swimmer in the miasma of knowledge to a captain on the ship of expertise.

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